Pay, demand and where to work, from BLS data with the year on every table.
low → high: location quotient
Click a state. States: Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · District of Columbia · Florida · Georgia · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiana · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginia · Washington · West Virginia · Wisconsin · Wyoming.
By AtiveSite · Published 07/11/2026 · Updated 07/11/2026 · Every figure is linked to its source below.
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers (SOC 51-1011) employed 673,430 people in May 2025. The median pay is $74,450 a year ($35.79 an hour); the lowest-paid 10% earn under $47,130 and the highest-paid 10% more than $108,750. BLS projects its employment to change by +1.8% between 2025 and 2035 (about 61,000 openings a year including replacements). The typical way in: High school diploma or equivalent, with less than 5 years experience in a related occupation.
Highest median pay: Wyoming ($90,390), Connecticut ($83,150), Rhode Island ($81,650). Most jobs: Texas (58,930), California (48,550), Ohio (31,980).
| Measure ⇅ | Annual ⇅ | Hourly equivalent ⇅ |
|---|---|---|
| 10th percentile (entry level) | $47,130 | $22.66 |
| 25th percentile | $58,630 | $28.19 |
| Median | $74,450 | $35.79 |
| Mean | $76,600 | $36.83 |
| 75th percentile | $91,680 | $44.08 |
| 90th percentile (experienced) | $108,750 | $52.28 |
Estimate for a wage earner: 2026 federal brackets and standard deduction (IRS), Social Security 6.2% up to $184,500, Medicare 1.45% (+0.9% above $200,000 single / $250,000 married), and a state rate you set. It ignores credits, pre-tax deductions, local taxes and benefits. Sources: IRS: tax year 2026 inflation adjustments · SSA wage base per Federal Register notice 2025-19763.
Hourly equivalents divide by 2,080 hours. Pay above $239,200 is shown as "≥ $239,200" (BLS top code).
| Measure ⇅ | Value ⇅ |
|---|---|
| Jobs 2025 | 679,900 |
| Jobs 2035 (projected) | 692,300 |
| Change in jobs | 12,400 |
| Percent change | +1.8% |
| Openings a year (growth + replacements) | 61,000 |
| Self-employed share | 0.7% |
| Typical entry education | High school diploma or equivalent |
| Work experience in a related occupation | Less than 5 years |
| Typical on-the-job training | None |
Licences and certifications are set by states and employers; the education shown is the usual entry requirement, not a legal one.
| State ⇅ | Jobs ⇅ | Location quotient ⇅ | Median pay ⇅ | Entry (10th pct.) ⇅ | Top (90th pct.) ⇅ | Median vs US ⇅ | Yearly rent as % of median pay ⇅ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 20,670 | 2.26 | $73,060 | $45,340 | $111,540 | -2% | 18% |
| Alaska | 1,110 | 0.79 | $77,960 | $42,220 | $128,010 | +5% | 22% |
| Arizona | 8,720 | 0.62 | $75,330 | $48,860 | $104,900 | +1% | 27% |
| Arkansas | 11,000 | 1.95 | $63,090 | $43,180 | $106,600 | -15% | 19% |
| California | 48,550 | 0.62 | $76,840 | $47,530 | $125,440 | +3% | 33% |
| Colorado | 9,580 | 0.77 | $78,890 | $50,890 | $127,960 | +6% | 28% |
| Connecticut | 9,150 | 1.25 | $83,150 | $49,660 | $123,060 | +12% | 22% |
| Delaware | 1,450 | 0.69 | $79,100 | $54,120 | $123,100 | +6% | 23% |
| District of Columbia | 350 | 0.11 | $80,030 | $52,670 | $139,690 | +7% | 29% |
| Florida | 27,710 | 0.64 | $63,950 | $44,140 | $105,400 | -14% | 34% |
| Georgia | 26,190 | 1.24 | $69,170 | $45,680 | $102,960 | -7% | 26% |
| Hawaii | 1,500 | 0.55 | $71,990 | $46,640 | $125,620 | -3% | 32% |
| Idaho | 3,900 | 1.05 | $70,890 | $48,020 | $102,900 | -5% | 23% |
| Illinois | 29,640 | 1.12 | $75,200 | $47,280 | $103,410 | +1% | 21% |
| Indiana | 26,870 | 1.94 | $73,950 | $48,110 | $101,540 | -1% | 18% |
| Iowa | 10,130 | 1.50 | $74,750 | $48,210 | $100,000 | +0% | 16% |
| Kansas | 7,980 | 1.28 | $74,480 | $49,290 | $104,450 | +0% | 17% |
| Kentucky | 13,820 | 1.60 | $72,490 | $45,560 | $104,810 | -3% | 17% |
| Louisiana | 9,350 | 1.12 | $77,520 | $46,670 | $147,440 | +4% | 16% |
| Maine | 2,970 | 1.07 | $78,970 | $48,340 | $106,130 | +6% | 18% |
| Maryland | 6,100 | 0.51 | $78,520 | $47,270 | $124,330 | +5% | 26% |
| Massachusetts | 12,390 | 0.79 | $79,920 | $52,530 | $114,800 | +7% | 28% |
| Michigan | 26,650 | 1.40 | $72,170 | $47,330 | $101,770 | -3% | 19% |
| Minnesota | 13,380 | 1.05 | $78,550 | $56,660 | $104,080 | +6% | 20% |
| Mississippi | 8,230 | 1.63 | $68,720 | $44,990 | $107,060 | -8% | 17% |
| Missouri | 15,430 | 1.21 | $73,210 | $46,230 | $99,020 | -2% | 17% |
| Montana | 1,860 | 0.84 | $68,760 | $45,820 | $108,800 | -8% | 21% |
| Nebraska | 6,040 | 1.36 | $72,200 | $48,870 | $100,770 | -3% | 18% |
| Nevada | 3,600 | 0.54 | $68,270 | $45,200 | $104,360 | -8% | 30% |
| New Hampshire | 3,000 | 1.01 | $79,310 | $52,800 | $118,100 | +7% | 24% |
| New Jersey | 15,040 | 0.81 | $81,110 | $48,560 | $124,370 | +9% | 27% |
| New Mexico | 2,520 | 0.67 | $64,640 | $41,600 | $126,870 | -13% | 21% |
| New York | 20,830 | 0.50 | $78,580 | $50,400 | $118,680 | +6% | 25% |
| North Carolina | 22,240 | 1.04 | $69,640 | $45,960 | $101,030 | -6% | 23% |
| North Dakota | 1,650 | 0.89 | $76,350 | $52,450 | $129,200 | +3% | 15% |
| Ohio | 31,980 | 1.33 | $72,160 | $48,320 | $99,960 | -3% | 18% |
| Oklahoma | 9,570 | 1.29 | $70,000 | $44,450 | $114,520 | -6% | 18% |
| Oregon | 8,180 | 0.96 | $73,580 | $49,790 | $102,190 | -1% | 26% |
| Pennsylvania | 28,900 | 1.10 | $74,990 | $47,640 | $102,390 | +1% | 20% |
| Rhode Island | 2,660 | 1.22 | $81,650 | $48,080 | $133,180 | +10% | 21% |
| South Carolina | 14,570 | 1.46 | $77,500 | $49,720 | $103,440 | +4% | 20% |
| South Dakota | 1,930 | 0.97 | $73,040 | $55,120 | $94,760 | -2% | 16% |
| Tennessee | 18,960 | 1.33 | $65,310 | $44,070 | $103,710 | -12% | 24% |
| Texas | 58,930 | 0.97 | $70,140 | $43,360 | $115,230 | -6% | 25% |
| Utah | 9,040 | 1.20 | $71,220 | $47,620 | $106,720 | -4% | 27% |
| Vermont | 1,000 | 0.76 | $75,540 | $50,080 | $100,560 | +1% | 21% |
| Virginia | 13,530 | 0.76 | $74,150 | $45,210 | $108,780 | -0% | 27% |
| Washington | 14,500 | 0.94 | $79,310 | $55,020 | $122,830 | +7% | 28% |
| West Virginia | 3,120 | 1.03 | $68,990 | $45,970 | $118,510 | -7% | 15% |
| Wisconsin | 25,500 | 2.00 | $74,840 | $50,690 | $101,750 | +1% | 18% |
| Wyoming | 1,470 | 1.21 | $90,390 | $48,710 | $142,980 | +21% | 13% |
Location quotient above 1 means the occupation is more concentrated in the state than in the nation. "n/a" means BLS suppressed the figure. Rent uses the state median gross rent (ACS).
The 60 highest-paying metropolitan areas among those with at least 300 jobs in this occupation.
| Metropolitan area ⇅ | Jobs ⇅ | Median pay ⇅ | Entry (10th pct.) ⇅ | Top (90th pct.) ⇅ | Location quotient ⇅ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bremerton-Silverdale-Port Orchard, WA | 500 | $115,340 | $65,770 | $134,800 | 1.23 |
| Norwich-New London-Willimantic, CT | 1,000 | $105,690 | $62,520 | $165,520 | 1.83 |
| Baton Rouge, LA | 2,270 | $95,810 | $52,100 | $173,320 | 1.28 |
| Lake Charles, LA | 750 | $92,560 | $53,610 | $161,200 | 1.70 |
| Spartanburg, SC | 2,380 | $92,070 | $53,340 | $97,670 | 3.33 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA | 5,050 | $91,500 | $56,960 | $139,990 | 0.49 |
| Decatur, IL | 350 | $91,450 | $56,200 | $125,810 | 1.79 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | 2,440 | $89,970 | $56,750 | $135,400 | 0.50 |
| Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY | 1,410 | $87,000 | $53,330 | $125,450 | 0.72 |
| Boulder, CO | 950 | $84,880 | $56,770 | $136,490 | 1.14 |
| Decatur, AL | 950 | $84,270 | $51,820 | $131,990 | 3.57 |
| Greenville, NC | 300 | $84,260 | $47,270 | $110,190 | 0.86 |
| Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT | 3,880 | $84,160 | $51,410 | $114,230 | 1.49 |
| Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury, CT | 1,570 | $82,990 | $48,570 | $123,260 | 0.90 |
| Portland-South Portland, ME | 1,550 | $82,740 | $51,170 | $104,330 | 1.24 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH | 8,060 | $82,660 | $56,470 | $119,240 | 0.69 |
| Billings, MT | 410 | $82,280 | $46,210 | $115,480 | 1.00 |
| Sioux City, IA-NE-SD | 670 | $82,170 | $55,810 | $102,950 | 2.05 |
| Longview-Kelso, WA | 440 | $82,060 | $59,330 | $128,640 | 2.47 |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ | 19,220 | $81,790 | $49,920 | $125,470 | 0.47 |
| Savannah, GA | 1,100 | $81,370 | $48,060 | $123,790 | 1.28 |
| Gulfport-Biloxi, MS | 1,010 | $81,260 | $53,000 | $111,480 | 1.48 |
| Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX | 1,290 | $80,860 | $43,270 | $151,960 | 1.83 |
| Fort Collins-Loveland, CO | 780 | $80,700 | $50,250 | $129,310 | 1.06 |
| Vallejo, CA | 550 | $80,600 | $49,700 | $136,110 | 0.89 |
| Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA | 6,760 | $80,460 | $58,640 | $124,130 | 0.75 |
| Burlington-South Burlington, VT | 360 | $80,290 | $53,620 | $107,400 | 0.69 |
| Vineland, NJ | 500 | $80,260 | $46,790 | $108,450 | 1.85 |
| Albany, OR | 460 | $80,230 | $50,590 | $106,800 | 2.24 |
| Midland, TX | 430 | $80,170 | $50,360 | $133,320 | 0.82 |
| Charleston-North Charleston, SC | 1,530 | $79,990 | $51,870 | $105,890 | 0.89 |
| Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO | 4,520 | $79,860 | $51,110 | $130,220 | 0.65 |
| Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | 8,300 | $79,820 | $58,200 | $105,990 | 0.98 |
| Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA | 550 | $79,630 | $58,220 | $117,550 | 2.42 |
| Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA-NC | 2,510 | $79,620 | $43,150 | $117,730 | 0.76 |
| Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD | 9,460 | $79,520 | $49,760 | $121,630 | 0.75 |
| Staunton-Stuarts Draft, VA | 380 | $79,460 | $41,480 | $105,490 | 1.70 |
| San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA | 3,960 | $79,350 | $49,330 | $127,870 | 0.59 |
| Syracuse, NY | 1,230 | $79,280 | $49,450 | $128,120 | 0.95 |
| Kennewick-Richland, WA | 580 | $79,050 | $51,710 | $128,800 | 1.03 |
| Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL | 910 | $78,970 | $48,150 | $124,190 | 0.86 |
| Manchester-Nashua, NH | 870 | $78,900 | $53,680 | $119,560 | 1.00 |
| Greeley, CO | 840 | $78,820 | $55,540 | $121,980 | 1.62 |
| New Haven, CT | 1,060 | $78,770 | $49,660 | $107,330 | 0.87 |
| Mobile, AL | 1,520 | $78,760 | $49,350 | $117,690 | 2.04 |
| Providence-Warwick, RI-MA | 3,990 | $78,680 | $48,010 | $124,270 | 1.29 |
| Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA | 2,070 | $78,680 | $48,910 | $133,230 | 0.44 |
| Napa, CA | 310 | $78,550 | $52,240 | $125,300 | 0.92 |
| Merced, CA | 400 | $78,490 | $48,720 | $120,850 | 1.16 |
| Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh, NY | 720 | $78,470 | $49,250 | $108,510 | 0.62 |
| Pueblo, CO | 300 | $78,380 | $54,780 | $108,610 | 1.10 |
| Mankato, MN | 330 | $78,270 | $56,630 | $97,940 | 1.35 |
| Reno, NV | 1,230 | $78,240 | $48,700 | $100,820 | 1.03 |
| Trenton-Princeton, NJ | 550 | $78,240 | $48,000 | $123,700 | 0.53 |
| Springfield, MA | 1,060 | $78,210 | $52,110 | $101,300 | 1.22 |
| Reading, PA | 1,890 | $78,200 | $56,700 | $97,000 | 2.50 |
| Worcester, MA | 1,930 | $78,150 | $51,580 | $109,890 | 1.28 |
| New Orleans-Metairie, LA | 1,880 | $77,990 | $47,400 | $153,730 | 0.97 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV | 4,290 | $77,990 | $47,830 | $124,390 | 0.32 |
| San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA | 350 | $77,980 | $47,590 | $134,360 | 0.66 |
The median is $74,450 a year ($35.79 an hour); the lowest-paid tenth earn under $47,130 and the highest-paid tenth over $108,750 (BLS OEWS, May 2025).
673,430 in May 2025, and BLS projects +1.8% growth to 2035.
The typical entry education is: High school diploma or equivalent (BLS).
Wyoming, with a median of $90,390 (among states with published figures).